X-ray of the abdomen and pelvis - Revision history

Mikael Häggström: Spaced

2018-12-23T10:14:41Z

Spaced

Mikael Häggström at 08:42, 26 September 2018

2018-09-26T08:42:10Z

Mikael Häggström: +Bowel obstruction

2018-06-27T09:42:27Z

+Bowel obstruction

Mikael Häggström: /* Small intestine */ cleanup

2018-06-27T06:30:49Z

Small intestine: cleanup

Mikael Häggström: /* Small intestine */ +Times

2018-06-27T06:30:29Z

Small intestine: +Times

Mikael Häggström: +Constipation

2018-06-08T11:39:55Z

+Constipation

Mikael Häggström: Subgrouped

2018-05-28T11:56:13Z

Subgrouped

Mikael Häggström: +Adults

2018-05-28T08:21:42Z

+Adults

Mikael Häggström: organized

2018-05-28T08:14:05Z

organized

Mikael Häggström: Authors

2018-05-28T08:11:19Z

Authors

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 Projectional radiography ("X-ray") of the abdomen and pelvis:

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+{{Top
 |author1=[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]]
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 *[[Barium swallow X-ray in bowel obstruction]]
-==References==
+{{Bottom}}

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 ==Diseases==
 *[[Abdominal X-ray in constipation in children]]
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}

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 On abdominal X-rays, the small intestine is considered to be abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds 3&nbsp;cm.<ref name=medscape>{{cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/374962-overview|title=Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging|website=[[Medscape]]|date=2016-09-22|author=Ali Nawaz Khan|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/abdo/abdomen_x-ray_abnormalities/pathology_small_bowel_obstruction|title=Abdominal X-ray - Abnormal bowel gas pattern|website=radiologymasterclass.co.uk|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref>
-In barium or capsule swallow studies, delayed small intestinal transit time can be diagnosed by a transit time from ingestion to presence in the cecum of over 6 hours.<ref>[https://books.google.se/books?id=PBrYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 Page 43] in: {{cite book|title=The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Digestive System: Part II - Lower Digestive Tract E-Book|author=James C Reynolds|edition=2|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2016|isbn=9780323389358}}</ref><ref>Page 1961 in: {{cite journal|title=Hepato-gastroenterology|volume=50|publisher=Thieme|year=2003}} Issues 52-54}}</ref>
+In barium or capsule swallow studies, delayed small intestinal transit time can be diagnosed by a transit time from ingestion to presence in the cecum of over 6 hours.<ref>[https://books.google.se/books?id=PBrYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 Page 43] in: {{cite book|title=The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Digestive System: Part II - Lower Digestive Tract E-Book|author=James C Reynolds|edition=2|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2016|isbn=9780323389358}}</ref><ref>Page 1961 in: {{cite journal|title=Hepato-gastroenterology|volume=50|publisher=Thieme|year=2003}} Issues 52-54</ref>
 ==Diseases==

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 ===Small intestine===
 On abdominal X-rays, the small intestine is considered to be abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds 3&nbsp;cm.<ref name=medscape>{{cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/374962-overview|title=Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging|website=[[Medscape]]|date=2016-09-22|author=Ali Nawaz Khan|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/abdo/abdomen_x-ray_abnormalities/pathology_small_bowel_obstruction|title=Abdominal X-ray - Abnormal bowel gas pattern|website=radiologymasterclass.co.uk|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref>
 ==Diseases==

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 Projectional radiography ("X-ray") of the abdomen and pelvis:
-==In children==
+==Large intestine (colon)==
-===Colon diameters===
+{{Main|X-ray of the large intestine}}
-===Leech score===
+==Small intestine==
-[[File:Leech scoring areas.jpg|thumb|200px|Areas used for the Leech system of constipation grading.]]
+On abdominal X-rays, the small intestine is considered to be abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds 3&nbsp;cm.<ref name=medscape>{{cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/374962-overview|title=Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging|website=[[Medscape]]|date=2016-09-22|author=Ali Nawaz Khan|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/abdo/abdomen_x-ray_abnormalities/pathology_small_bowel_obstruction|title=Abdominal X-ray - Abnormal bowel gas pattern|website=radiologymasterclass.co.uk|accessdate=2017-02-07}}</ref>
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}

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 :These score are assigned separately for the right colon, the left colon and the rectosigmoid colon, resulting in a maximum score of 15. A Leech score of 9 or greater is regarded as positive for constipation.<ref name="LeechMcHugh1999"/>
 *The Barr system rates both the amount and consistency of the faeces, and assigns a score separately for the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and rectum. Its maximum score is 22, and a score of 10 or greater is regarded as positive for constipation.<ref name="G.H.2012">{{cite journal|last1=G.|first1=Anthony|last2=H.|first2=Kathleen|title=The Role of Diagnostic Tests in Constipation in Children|journal=|year=2012|doi=10.5772/29213}}</ref>
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}

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 ==In children==
-[[File:Main measuring sites of colon diameter.jpg|thumb|The diameters of different segments of the large intestine can be compared to the width of lumbar vertebra 2 for more consistent reference ranges on abdominal x-rays.<ref name=Koppen2016>{{cite journal|last1=Koppen|first1=Ilan J. N.|last2=Yacob|first2=Desale|last3=Di Lorenzo|first3=Carlo|last4=Saps|first4=Miguel|last5=Benninga|first5=Marc A.|last6=Cooper|first6=Jennifer N.|last7=Minneci|first7=Peter C.|last8=Deans|first8=Katherine J.|last9=Bates|first9=D. Gregory|last10=Thompson|first10=Benjamin P.|title=Assessing colonic anatomy normal values based on air contrast enemas in children younger than 6 years|journal=Pediatric Radiology|volume=47|issue=3|year=2016|pages=306–312|issn=0301-0449|doi=10.1007/s00247-016-3746-0|url=http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5316394;jsessionid=2F0B0FCBD478428D0B64AA24476321EE}}</ref>]]
+===Colon diameters===
-[[File:Ratios of large intestinal segments compared to lumbar vertebra 2.png|thumb|Ratios of large intestinal segments compared to lumbar vertebra 2, as 75th percentile, meaning that 25% of children normally have a ratio higher than this.<ref name=Koppen2016/>]]
+<gallery widths=250 heights=200>
 For children, the degree of constipation may be scored by the ''Leech'' or the ''Barr'' systems:
 *The Leech system assigns a score of 0 to 5 based on the amount of feces:<ref name="LeechMcHugh1999">{{cite journal|last1=Leech|first1=Susan C.|last2=McHugh|first2=Kieran|last3=Sullivan|first3=P. B.|title=Evaluation of a method of assessing faecal loading on plain abdominal radiographs in children|journal=Pediatric Radiology|volume=29|issue=4|year=1999|pages=255–258|issn=0301-0449|doi=10.1007/s002470050583}}</ref>
 :*0: no visible feces

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	Projectional radiography ("X-ray") of the abdomen and pelvis:		Projectional radiography ("X-ray") of the abdomen and pelvis: