Difference between revisions of "Contrast media"
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==Intravenous== | ==Intravenous== | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | File:Contrast CT.jpg| | + | ===CT=== |
| + | {{Main|CT with IV contrast}} | ||
| + | [[File:Contrast CT.jpg|thumb|170px|[[CT with IV contrast]]]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Contrast medium reaction==== | ||
| + | {{Main|Contrast medium reaction}} | ||
| + | In a more severe reaction:<ref name=SURF>Unless otherwise specified in lists and table: {{cite web|url=http://www.mastcellssjukdom.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Nationella_rekommendationer_%C3%B6verk%C3%A4nslighetsreaktioner_kontrastmedel__PDF_2014-10-17.pdf|title=Hypersensitivity reactions against contrast media - Swedish Society of Uroradiology [Swedish: Överkänslighetsreaktioner mot kontrastmedel – SURFs kontrastmedelsgrupp] ], 2014-10-17}}</ref> | ||
| + | *'''Adrenaline''' shot, 0.3-0.5mg in adults, given intramuscularly. | ||
| + | *Summon an '''anesthesiologist''' | ||
| + | <gallery mode=packed heights=200> | ||
| + | File:Injection Sites Intramuscular Thigh Adult.png | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====In low renal function==== | ||
| + | {{Main|CT with IV contrast in low renal function}} | ||
| + | Decreased renal function and several other conditions increase the risk of '''contrast-induced nephropathy''', which is a potentially lethal renal injury to the kidney following intravenous radiocontrast.<ref name="RudnickFeldman2008">{{cite journal|last1=Rudnick|first1=M.|last2=Feldman|first2=H.|title=Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: What Are the True Clinical Consequences?|journal=Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology|volume=3|issue=1|year=2008|pages=263–272|issn=1555-9041|doi=10.2215/CJN.03690907}}</ref> | ||
==Peroral== | ==Peroral== | ||
Revision as of 23:12, 9 November 2018
Author:
Mikael Häggström [notes 1]
Contents
Intravenous
CT
- Main article: CT with IV contrast
Contrast medium reaction
- Main article: Contrast medium reaction
In a more severe reaction:[1]
- Adrenaline shot, 0.3-0.5mg in adults, given intramuscularly.
- Summon an anesthesiologist
- Injection Sites Intramuscular Thigh Adult.png
In low renal function
- Main article: CT with IV contrast in low renal function
Decreased renal function and several other conditions increase the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy, which is a potentially lethal renal injury to the kidney following intravenous radiocontrast.[2]
Peroral
Rectal
Projectional radiography and fluoroscopy
- Choice of contrast medium
- Barium sulfate is generally used.
- An iodine-based contrast medium is used where there is a risk perforation, where barium may cause chemical inflammation.<[3]
- However, 1-2% of oral iodine is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and can potentially case a contrast medium reaction.[4] Also, it is more expensive than barium
- Iodine-based
Recommended concentration:
- Adults: 70 mg iodine per ml, such as 240 ml of a 370mg/ml solution in 1,000 mL of tap water.[notes 2]
- Children over 5 years: 55 mg iodine per ml such as 90 ml of a 370mg/ml solution in 500 mL tap water.[notes 2]
CT scans
Rectally administered contrast is indicated in cases where a suspicion remains of penetrating trauma to the colon where an initial CT shows no reason for immediate surgery.[5]
Notes
- ↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Radlines:Authorship for details.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 370mg/ml for undiluted gastrografin:
- . AUSTRALIAN PRODUCT INFORMATION - GASTROGRAFIN (Sodium amidotrizoate / Amidotrizoate meglumine). Bayer. Retrieved on 2018-11-07.<
- . Gastrografin Dosage. Drugs.com.Medically reviewed on December 2, 2017.
References
- ↑ Unless otherwise specified in lists and table: . Hypersensitivity reactions against contrast media - Swedish Society of Uroradiology [Swedish: Överkänslighetsreaktioner mot kontrastmedel – SURFs kontrastmedelsgrupp ], 2014-10-17].
- ↑ Rudnick, M.; Feldman, H. (2008). "Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: What Are the True Clinical Consequences? ". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 3 (1): 263–272. doi:. ISSN 1555-9041.
- ↑ Dr Vikas Shah ◉ and Dr Jeremy Jones. CT luminal contrast. Radiopaedia. Retrieved on 2018-11-07.
- ↑ . Oral Contrast Policies. Yale School of Medicine. Retrieved on 2018-11-07.
- ↑ Stephen Ledbetter and Robin Smithuis (2007-08-02). Acute Abdomen - Role of CT in Trauma. Radiopaedia.
