Difference between revisions of "X-ray of the thorax"

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==Magnification==
 
==Magnification==
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File:Projectional rendering of CT scan of thorax (thumbnail).gif|Projectionally rendered [[CT]], showing the transition of thoracic structures between the anteroposterior and lateral view.
 
File:Projectional rendering of CT scan of thorax (thumbnail).gif|Projectionally rendered [[CT]], showing the transition of thoracic structures between the anteroposterior and lateral view.
 
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==Basic screening==
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One method uses an alphabetic order:
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*'''Airways''': Any shift to the side?
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*'''Bones''': Check for obvious fractures
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[[File:Cardiothoracic ratio.jpg|thumb|220px|Cardiothoracic ratio =
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<math>{MRD + MLD \over ID}</math>
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<br>where:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/education/schools/school-of-medicine/departments/clinical-departments/diagnostic-radiology/pediatric-radiology-normal-measurements/chest-measurements.cfm|title=Chest Measurements|website=[[Oregon Health & Science University]]|accessdate=2017-01-13}}</ref>
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<br>MRD = greatest perpendicular diameter from midline to right heart border
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<br>MLD = greatest perpendicular diameter from midline to left heart border
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<br>ID = internal diameter of chest at level of right hemidiaphragm]]
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*'''Cardiac''': Check both cardiothoracic ratio and any dilation of blood vessels.
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*'''Diaphragm''': Check for any pleural fluid
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*'''Edges''': Check for pneumothorax
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*'''Fields''': Any lung consolidations
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[[File:X-ray of hiatal hernia, annotated.jpg|thumb|200px|Hiatal hernia.]]
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*'''Gastric''': Whether there is any apparent hiatal hernia
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*'''Hili''': Prominence, such as by lymphadenopathy
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*'''In lateral image''': as a reminder to check the lateral projection, if available, mainly in the lung fields, for any apparent pathology
  
 
==Diseases==
 
==Diseases==

Revision as of 12:33, 14 January 2019

Author: Mikael Häggström [notes 1]

Magnification

In projectional radiography ("X-ray") of the thorax (chest), the estimated geometric magnification factor is generally between 1.05 and 1.40,[1] meaning that measurements made in the image will be this much larger than the real distance in the patient. Therefore, compare to other structures (such as pleural fluid reaching half way to hilar level) where possible rather than giving numbers.

Normal anatomy

  • Normal posteroanterior (PA) chest radiograph (X-ray).jpg

    A normal posteroanterior (PA) chest radiograph.

  • Normal lateral chest radiograph (X-ray).jpg

    Normal lateral chest radiograph.

  • Projectional rendering of CT scan of thorax (thumbnail).gif

    Projectionally rendered CT, showing the transition of thoracic structures between the anteroposterior and lateral view.

Basic screening

One method uses an alphabetic order:

  • Airways: Any shift to the side?
  • Bones: Check for obvious fractures
File:Cardiothoracic ratio.jpg
Cardiothoracic ratio = <math>{MRD + MLD \over ID}</math>
where:[2]
MRD = greatest perpendicular diameter from midline to right heart border
MLD = greatest perpendicular diameter from midline to left heart border
ID = internal diameter of chest at level of right hemidiaphragm
  • Cardiac: Check both cardiothoracic ratio and any dilation of blood vessels.
  • Diaphragm: Check for any pleural fluid
  • Edges: Check for pneumothorax
  • Fields: Any lung consolidations
File:X-ray of hiatal hernia, annotated.jpg
Hiatal hernia.
  • Gastric: Whether there is any apparent hiatal hernia
  • Hili: Prominence, such as by lymphadenopathy
  • In lateral image: as a reminder to check the lateral projection, if available, mainly in the lung fields, for any apparent pathology

Diseases

Regions

  • Ribs
  • Sternoclavicular joint

Notes

  1. ↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Radlines:Authorship for details.

References

  1. ↑ M Sandborg, D R Dance, and G Alm Carlsson. Implementation of unsharpness and noise into the model of the imaging system: Applications to chest and lumbar spine screen-film radiography. Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University. Report 90. Jan. 1999. ISRN: LIU-RAD-R-090
  2. ↑ . Chest Measurements. Oregon Health & Science University. Retrieved on 2017-01-13.
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